But eight themes recurred: uncertainty about payment, unaccountable and seemingly arbitrary rejections (i.e., non-payment), fraudulent tasks, prohibitive time limits, long pay delays, uncommunicative requesters and administrators, costs of employer errors borne by workers, and frequently low pay. Responses to the survey were diverse and sometimes conflicting. Rather than a rigorous survey, the elicitation invited workers to imagine what "better" crowdwork might mean. Turkopticon came out of engagements with Turkers in 2008, when we asked them-through Mechanical Turk itself-to articulate a hypothetical Bill of Rights. We began with designs on crowd-powered computing but have stayed engaged over the past six years, becoming part of the Turker ecology through maintenance, repair, and the communicative work of keeping Turkopticon going. Following philosopher Donna Haraway, we chose to stay with the trouble. We entered the debate critical but open-minded-we were not "Turkers," but we were computing workers more broadly concerned about the futures of work being built in our field and industry. News stories and papers on crowdsourcing often oscillate between jubilant speculation and "sweatshop" exposés, while those invested in the long-term future of crowdsourcing try to formulate agendas for meaningful, pleasant, and even just futures of work. We were concerned about the ethical implications of crowdsourcing and have engaged those questions through design, building, and systems maintenance.
Ai august vision fund jony ive code#
"Requesters" (Amazon's legal term for employers) write code to delegate information work to this "crowd," which is figured and organized as technological rather than human infrastructure-as "artificial artificial intelligence," in AMT's cheeky but truthful tagline. AMT organizes workers for the pleasure of programmers and the productivity of companies and researchers.
From outside, the technologists and researchers who work "through" AMT see it as a smoothly functioning infrastructure. Unable to replace low-status workers with machines, Amazon simulated machines with hidden, globally distributed, contingent, low-status workers. Amazon's engineers and managers designed AMT to make up for the failure of artificial intelligence to fully automate their data-processing tasks. AMT is a Web-based labor market that draws workers from all over the world to perform small bits of digital labor for pay-frequently for as low as a few dollars an hour. Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) works by keeping worlds apart.
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